The conference convened international leaders from government, the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, and academia to share their expertise in realms of water, agriculture and global development. Discussions focused on the impact of these global resource trends on smallholder farmers, assessing strategies to increase both financial incomes and health outcomes in an effort to reduce poverty and improve smallholder farmer livelihood. Our hope is that ultimately, the event will continue to build awareness about agricultural and water issues, suggest key research initiatives relevant to future policy, and contribute to the ongoing debate about the nature and structure of U.S. development policy and U.S. international water policy.