Surveys the situation in developing countries, where energy demand is projected to outpace capital resources for expanding energy services. Examines traditional and modern energy-consuming- sectors from both supply and demand perspectives, and assesses the resulting economic, social and environmental implications. Evaluates policy options to minimize adverse impacts. Emphasizes the role of energy efficiency and alternative fuels. Requires a term paper for a specific developing country that assesses energy problems facing that country and puts forward policy solutions to them.