The link between a weak, economically under-developed state and propensity to conflict makes state-building important in both post-conflict reconstruction and conflict prevention. In the aftermath of war, external development assistance to reconstruct a country's infrastructure, institutions and economy is often a key part of the peace accords, and is vital to ensure that the country can develop to prevent it sliding back into conflict.

Reconstruction of property and infrastucture is one of the most immediate requirements. This will facilitate return of the displaced to their homes, security, governance and control, transport of food and supplies, and production and commerce to begin rebuilding the economy. The transition to normal security conditions, with an adequate police force, is vital, and a functioning judiciary is needed to enforce the rule of law. Governance has to be reestablished, and government services must begin to function again. Democratization, demobilization of ex-combatants, landmine clearance, protection of public security, return of the displaced, provision of healthcare and education, and poverty reduction, are all key aims. In the long-term, a stable macroeconomic environment will promote political stability, and will facilitate a solid financial base for government. Furthermore, it will make possible legitimate and transparent government revenue-collecting and expenditure capabilities, strengthening democracy and lowering the propensity for violent conflict.